Edison executed the first of his 1,093 successful U.S. patent applications on 13 October 1868, at the age of 21. He filed an estimated 500–600 unsuccessful or abandoned applications as well. Unfortunately, the names given Edison's patents are too irregular to make simple word searches an accurate means of finding patents for particular technologies. The link at the bottom of this page opens a list of all 1,093 U.S. Patents that can be searched by Title, Decade of Issue, and Subject. By clicking on Patent No they will be sorted by patent number (and issue date).
The execution date of a patent application is the date on which the inventor signs the application, and hence is the date closest to the actual inventive activity. However, in his early years Edison did not always rush to his patent lawyer with an invention, especially if there was little competition for the invention or he was feeling broke and unable to pay the various fees involved in an application. In a few cases Edison removed some of the claims from an original application and filed a new application to cover those claims. The execution date of such a patent can be considerably later than that of the original application even though the patent covers designs from the earlier date.
Edison's U.S. Patents by Execution Date
This graph shows the annual number of successful U.S. patent applications Edison executed (that is, signed in preparation for filing at the U.S. Patent Office). In 1882, at the height of his work on electric light and power, he completed 106 successful applications.
The patent date is the date when, with all fees paid, the Patent Office issues the patent certificate to the inventor. Under normal circumstances it took months of correspondence and amendment of the application before the patent examiners decided that an invention was sufficiently original to be patented. If an interference was declaredthat is, if the examiners determined that another patent application was claiming the same inventionthen years could pass before a decision was made and a patent awarded. (There is a fuller description of the American patent system in Edison's time at The American Patent System.)
The subject lists below are necessarily somewhat arbitrary. The patents within each category are arranged by execution date. A few patents appear in two listsfor example, patent 142,999 describes a battery Edison developed for telegraphy, and it is included under both "Batteries" and "Telegraphy and Telephony."
Edison received many patents in countries other than the United States. No complete list exists, but Dyer and Martin's 1910 biography, Edison: His Life and Inventions, contains a compilation of 1,239 non-U.S. patents awarded in 34 countries. Edison's British patents for the years 1872–1880 appear in a bound volume in the Charles Batchelor collection.
There is an on-line database of all U.S. patents at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Patents before 1975 are searchable by patent number, issue date, and classification. Patents issued between 1790 and 1836—which were not numbered—have been assigned chronologically ordered "X" numbers. The USPTO also hosts a great deal of information about current patent practice. U.S. Patents can also be searched through Google Patents. The best database for searching foreign patents is Espacenet. Canada has its own patent database.
The set of Edison's patents has been made available through the generosity of David Kovanen.
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Edison's U.S. Patents
